Growing up made easier
Below is a list of native plants with which to landscape, based on a book by Lynn M. Steiner (see below). Plants which are native to MN but not appropriate for landscaping are ignored (in particular, the American Elm and the Dwarf Trout Lily).
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Type | Zone | Habitat | Height | Width | Soil | Sun | Notable Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abies balsamea | balsam fir | evergreen conifer | 2 | forests, bogs, N MN, SE MN | 30-50 ft | 25 ft | cool, damp, moist, acidic | partial shade to full sun | native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, good for front yards (woody) |
| Acer nigrum | black maple | deciduous tree | 4 | floodplains, bottomlands, SE MN | - | - | moist | - | good for deer resistance |
| Acer rubrum | red maple | deciduous tree | 4, most of 3 | swamps, depressions, NE MN, east-central MN | 40-65 ft | 45 ft | slightly acidic, sandy loam, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (woody) |
| Acer saccharum | sugar maple | deciduous tree | 4 | E MN | 50-80 ft | - | rich, moist, heavy clay, loam | - | good for deer resistance, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (woody) |
| Acer saccharinum | silver maple | deciduous tree | 3 | E MN | 40-80 ft | - | tough, wet to moist | - | good for moist soil, good for deer resistance |
| Acer spicatum | mountain maple | deciduous tree | 3 | SE MN, NE MN, streamside | 25 ft | 20 ft | moist, acidic | partial shade | good for deer resistance, native to coniferous forest |
| Actaea pachypoda | white baneberry | flower & groundcover | 3 | E MN | - | - | moist, humus-rich, slightly acidic | partial shade to full shade | good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Actaea rubra | red baneberry | flower & groundcover | 2 | woodlands, throughout MN | 12-30 in | - | moist, humus-rich, slightly acidic | partial shade to full shade | good for deer resistance, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Adiantum pedatum | maidenhair fern | fern | 3 | woodlands, E MN | 12-24 in | - | moist, slightly acidic, rich | partial shade | good for moist soil, good for rocks (shady), native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (shady) |
| Agastache foeniculum | blue giant hyssop | flower & groundcover | 2 | uplands, throughout MN | 2-4 ft | - | well-drained | full sun to partial shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for hummingbirds, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Allium cernuum | nodding wild onion | flower & groundcover | 3 | woodlands, open grasslands, MN-Iowa border | 12-24 in | - | average to rich, well-drained, neutral to slightly alkaline | full sun to very light shade | good for rocks (sunny), good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Allium stellatum | prairie wild onion | flower & groundcover | 3 | open woodlands, grasslands, all but far SE MN | 6-12 in | - | limy, rocky | full sun | good for rocks (sunny), good for deer resistance |
| Allium tricoccum | wild leek | flower & groundcover | 3 | wooded slopes, limestone bluffs, throughout MN | 6-16 in | - | humus-rich | full sun to light shade | good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens |
| Alnus incana | speckled alder | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | all but SW MN | 15-25 ft | - | wet | shade | good for moist soil |
| Amelanchier alnifolia | Saskatoon juneberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | stream banks, thickets, slopes, all but S MN | 3-12 ft | 6-9 ft | - | - | good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens |
| Amelanchier arborea | downy serviceberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | hillsides, forest edges, E MN | 20-25 ft | 15-20 ft | - | - | good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, native to prairie |
| Amelanchier x grandiflora | apple serviceberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 4 | - | 20-25 ft | - | - | - | good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (woody) |
| Amelanchier laevis | smooth juneberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | woodland edges, hillsides, ravines, E MN | 25-30 ft | 15-25 ft | moist, well-drained, slightly acidic, humus-rich | partial shade to sun | good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens |
| Amelanchier stolonifera | running serviceberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | rocky outcroppings, NE MN | 1-6 ft | 3-10 ft | acidic, sandy, rocky | - | good for deer resistance, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens |
| Amorpha canescens | leadplant | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | open woods, savannas, prairies, all but NE MN | 1.5-4 ft | 2-3 ft | dry, average, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Amorpha fruticosa | false indigo | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | woods, stream banks, S MN, W MN | 12 ft | - | moist | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for moist soil |
| Amorpha nana | dwarf wild indigo, fragrant false indigo | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | W MN, S MN | 1-2 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar |
| Anaphalis margaritacea | pearly everlasting | flower & groundcover | 2 | NE MN | 1-3 ft | - | tough, dry, poor to average | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for rocks (sunny) |
| Andropogon gerardii | big bluestem | grass & sedge | 3 | prairies, woodlands, throughout MN | 4-8 ft | - | moist, fertile, well-drained | full sun to partial shade | good for deer resistance, native to prairie |
| Anemone canadensis | Canada anemone | flower & groundcover | 2 | prairies, open woodlands, throughout MN | 12-24 in | - | moist, average to rich | full sun to light shade | good for moist soil, good for groundcover, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Anemone cylindrica | long-headed thimbleweed | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas | 2 ft | - | moist to dry | full sun to light shade | good for shade gardens |
| Anemone quinquefolia | wood anemone | flower & groundcover | 3 | all but far SW MN, sheltered woodlands | 3-8 in | - | rich, moist, slightly acidic | partial shade | good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Anemonella thaliacroides | rue anemone | flower & groundcover | 4, trial in 3 | open woods, rocky woods, clearings, SE MN | 4-8 in | - | moist to dry, slightly acidic | partial sun | good for rocks (shady), good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Antennaria neglecta | field pussytoes | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies | 3-12 in | - | dry | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for rocks (sunny), good for groundcover, native to prairie |
| Antennaria plantaginifolia | Plantain-leaved pussytoes | flower & groundcover | 3 | open woodlands, woodland transition, band NW to SE MN | 3-16 in | - | dry, poor, well-drained | full sun to partial shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for rocks (sunny), good for groundcover, native to prairie |
| Aquilegia canadensis | Canada columbine | flower & groundcover | 3 | rocky woods, savannas, throughout MN | 12-24 in | - | moist to dry, average, well-drained | full sun to full shade | good for hummingbirds, good for rocks (sunny), good for rocks (shady), good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (shady) |
| Aralia racemosa | American spikenard | flower & groundcover | 3 | deciduous woods, mixed coniferous woods, E MN | 2-6 ft | - | rich, moist | partial shade to deep shade | native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Aralia nudicaulis | wild sarsaparilla | flower & groundcover | 3 | W MN | 1-1.5 ft | - | - | - | - |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | bearberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | rock outcrops, N MN, E MN | 6-12 in | 8 ft | dry, poor, acidic | full sun to light shade | good for groundcover, native to coniferous forest |
| Arisaema dracontium | green dragon | flower & groundcover | 4 | SE border MN | 12-42 in | - | wet, rich | full sun to light shade | good for deer resistance, native to deciduous forest |
| Arisaema triphyllum | Jack-in-the-Pulpit | flower & groundcover | 3 | woodlands, throughout MN | 12-36 in | - | moist, rich | moderate shade to full shade | good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Aronia melanocarpa | black chokeberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3, trial in 2 | swamps, low areas, open coniferous woods, east-central MN, NE MN | 4-6 ft | 3-6 ft | slightly acidic, wet to dry | full sun to light shade | good for moist soil, native to coniferous forest |
| Asarum canadense | wild ginger | flower & groundcover | 3 | deciduous forest, coniferous forest, E MN | 6-8 in | - | moist, humus-rich | partial shade to full shade | good for rocks (shady), good for groundcover, good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Asclepias incarnata | Swamp milkweek | flower & groundcover | 3 | throughout MN | 3 ft | - | wet | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for butterfly larvae, good for moist soil, good for deer resistance |
| Asclepias speciosa | showy milkweed | flower & groundcover | 2 | prairies, savannas, W MN | 1-3 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for butterfly larvae, good for deer resistance |
| Asclepias sullivantii | Sullivant's milkweed, prairie milkweed | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, south-central MN | 2-3 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for butterfly larvae, good for deer resistance |
| Asclepias syriaca | common milkweed | flower & groundcover | 3 | throughout MN | 24-60 in | - | average to moist, well-drained | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for butterfly larvae, good for deer resistance |
| Asclepias tuberosa | butterfly weed | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, woodland edges, openings, SE MN | 1-3 ft | - | moist to dry | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for butterfly larvae, good for hummingbirds, good for rocks (sunny), good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Asclepias verticillata | whorled milkweed | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, S MN, W MN | - | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for butterfly larvae, good for deer resistance, native to prairie |
| Asclepias viridiflora | green milkweed | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, S MN, W MN | - | - | average to dry | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for butterfly larvae, good for deer resistance, native to prairie |
| Asplenium platyneuron | ebony spleenwort | fern | 4 | woods, SE MN | 8-18 in | - | loose, woodsy, neutral | partial shade | good for moist soil, good for rocks (sunny), good for rocks (shady) |
| Asplenium rhizophyllum | walking fern | fern | 4 | SE MN | 4-12 in | - | - | - | good for moist soil |
| Asplenium trichomanes | maidenhair spleenwort | fern | 3 | east-facing cliffs, NE MN | 3-6 in | - | moist, cool | - | good for moist soil |
| Aster cordifolius | heart-leaved aster | flower & groundcover | 4 | open woods, clearings, SE MN | 3-4 ft | - | moist, humus-rich | light shade to partial shade | good for deer resistance, native to prairie, native to deciduous forest, good for mixed borders |
| Aster ericoides | heath aster | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, woodland edges, throughout MN | 1-3 ft | - | average to rich, moist | full sun | good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Aster laevis | smooth aster | flower & groundcover | 2 | prairies, woodland edges, all but far NE MN | 2-3 ft | - | average to rich, moist, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Aster lateriflorus | calico aster, side-flowering aster | flower & groundcover | 4, trial in 3 | open woods, N 2/3 MN | 2-4 ft | - | average to rich, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for deer resistance, good for mixed borders |
| Aster macrophyllus | large-leaved aster | flower & groundcover | 3 | woodland edges, NE MN | 1-4 ft | - | moist, humus-rich | full sun to partial shade | good for deer resistance, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, good for mixed borders |
| Aster novae-angliae | New England aster | flower & groundcover | 3 | mesic prairies, SW MN | 3-6 ft | - | moist, average | full sun to partial shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for butterfly larvae, good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Aster oblongifolius | aromatic aster | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, SW MN | - | - | - | - | good for deer resistance, good for mixed borders |
| Aster oolentangiensis | sky-blue aster | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, open woods, central MN, SE MN | 2-5 ft | - | dry to moist, well-drained | full sun | good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Aster sericeus | silky aster | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, open woods, SW MN | 12-24 in | - | average | full sun to light shade | good for deer resistance, good for mixed borders |
| Aster umbellatus | flat-topped aster | flower & groundcover | 3 | throughout MN | 1-10 ft | - | moist | full shade to partial shade | good for deer resistance, good for mixed borders |
| Astragalus canadensis | Canada milk vetch | flower & groundcover | 2 | prairies, open woodlands, throughout MN | 1-4 ft | - | - | full sun to partial shade | - |
| Athyrium filix-femina | lady fern | fern | 2 | throughout MN | 2-3 ft | - | slightly acidic, moist to wet | partial shade to full shade | good for moist soil, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Baptisia lactea | white wild indigo | flower & groundcover | 4 | open woods, prairies, savannas, SE MN | 3-5 ft | - | well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for rocks (sunny), good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Betula alleghaniensis | yellow birch | deciduous tree | 3 | E MN, N MN | 60-80 ft | - | moist | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly larvae, good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, native to coniferous forest, native to deciduous forest |
| Betula nigra | river birch | deciduous tree | 4, trial in 3 | lowlands, SE MN | 40-60 ft | 15-25 ft | moist to wet, slightly acidic | full sun | good for butterfly larvae, good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, native to coniferous forest, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (woody) |
| Betula papyrifera | paper birch | deciduous tree | 2 | all but SW MN | 40-70 ft | 20-30 ft | moist, cool | full sun | good for butterfly larvae, good for deer resistance, native to coniferous forest, native to prairie, native to deciduous forest |
| Boltonia asteroides | boltonia | flower & groundcover | 4 | prairies, marshes, S MN | 3-5 ft | - | wet to dry | full sun | good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Bouteloua curtipendula | side-oats grama | grass & sedge | 3 | prairies, open woodlands, SW MN | 2-3 ft | - | average to dry, well-drained | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for deer resistance, native to prairie |
| Bouteloua gracilis | blue grama | grass & sedge | 3 | SW MN | 1-2 ft | - | dry, gravelly | - | - |
| Bouteloua hirsuta | hairy grama | grass & sedge | 3 | SW MN | 2-3 ft | - | dry, well-drained loam | - | - |
| Buchloe dactyloides | buffalo grass | grass & sedge | 4 | prairies, SW MN | 6 in | - | heavy | - | - |
| Calamagrostis canadensis | blue joint | grass & sedge | 3 | marshes, bogs, lakeshores, throughout MN | 2-5 ft | - | moist to wet, submerged | full sun | good for moist soil |
| Calla palustris | wild calla | flower & groundcover | 2 | bogs, swamps, ponds, NE MN | 12 in | - | submerged | full sun | good for shallow water, native to coniferous forest |
| Caltha palustris | marsh marigold | flower & groundcover | 2 | woods, swamps, shallow ponds, NE MN | 12-24 in | - | wet, humus-rich | full sun to light shade | good for moist soil, native to coniferous forest, native to deciduous forest |
| Campanula americana | tall bellflower | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, open woods, SE MN | 4-6 ft | - | moist, average | full sun to partial shade | good for moist soil, native to deciduous forest, good for mixed borders |
| Campanula rotundifolia | harebell | flower & groundcover | 2 | prairies, savannas, SE MN | 6-18 in | - | well-drained | full sun | good for rocks (sunny), native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Carex grayi | Gray's sedge | grass & sedge | 4 | SE MN | 24 in | - | wet | partial shade | good for butterfly larvae, good for shade gardens |
| Carex muskingumensis | palm sedge | grass & sedge | 4 | riverside, woods, SE MN | 2-3 ft | - | moist, fertile | partial shade to full shade | good for butterfly larvae, good for shade gardens |
| Carex pensylvanica | Pennsylvainia sedge | grass & sedge | 3 | woods, throughout MN | 8-10 in | - | well-drained, loam to sand, slightly acidic | full sun to shade | good for butterfly larvae, good for rocks (shady), good for shade gardens |
| Carex plantaginea | plantain-leaved sedge | grass & sedge | 3 | woods, E MN | - | - | - | - | good for butterfly larvae, good for shade gardens |
| Carex stricta | tussock sedge | grass & sedge | 3 | wetlands, throughout MN | 2 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly larvae, good for shallow water, good for shade gardens |
| Carpinus caroliniana | blue beech | deciduous tree | 3 | streamside, east-central MN, SE MN | 20-25 ft | 12-18 ft | moist, fertile, slightly acidic | partial shade to full sun | good for deer resistance, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (woody) |
| Carya cordiformis | bitternut hickory | deciduous tree | 4, trial in 3 | lowlands, SE MN | - | - | - | - | - |
| Carya ovata | shagbark hickory | deciduous tree | 4 | streamside, hillsides, far SE MN | 60-100 ft | 40-60 ft | well-drained | full sun | native to deciduous forest |
| Caulophyllum thalictroides | blue cohosh | flower & groundcover | 3 | woods, bottomlands, throughout MN | 1-3 ft | - | moist, well-drained, humus-rich | partial shade to full shade | good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Ceanothus americanus | New Jersey tea | deciduous shrub & small tree | 4, trial in 3 | prairies, oak savannas, woodland edges, S MN, E MN | 2-3 ft | 2-3 ft | well-drained, sandy | full sun to partial shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for hummingbirds, native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Celastrus scandens | American bittersweet | vine | 3 | clearings, thickets, throughout MN | 25 ft | - | moist, well-drained | full sun to light shade | - |
| Celtis occidentalis | hackberry | deciduous tree | 3 | S MN, W MN | 40-70 ft | 20-65 ft | moist, well-drained | full sun to partial shade | good for butterfly nectar, native to deciduous forest |
| Cephalanthus occidentalis | buttonbush | deciduous shrub & small tree | 4 | swamps, streamside, SE MN | 3-8 ft | 3-6 ft | moist to wet, fertile | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for moist soil, good for shallow water, good for mixed borders |
| Chamaedaphne calyculata | leather leaf | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | NE MN | 1-4 ft | - | acidic, peaty, sandy, moist | - | native to coniferous forest |
| Cheilanthes lanosa | hairy lip fern | fern | 4 | east-central MN | 8 in | - | - | full sun to light shade | good for moist soil |
| Chelone glabra | white turtlehead | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, open woods, E MN | 1-3 ft | - | moist to wet, rich | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for hummingbirds, good for moist soil |
| Chelone obliqua | purple turtlehead | flower & groundcover | 4 | woods, marshes, S MN | 1-3 ft | - | moist to wet, humus-rich | full sun to partial shade | good for hummingbirds, good for moist soil |
| Claytonia caroliniana | Carolina spring beauty | flower & groundcover | 3 | S-facing slopes, E-facing slopes, mesic hardwood forest, Lake Superior MN | - | - | - | - | - |
| Claytonia virginica | Virginia spring beauty | flower & groundcover | 3 | woods, by streams, E MN | 6-8 in | - | moist, rich | light shade to spring sun | good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Clematis occidentalis | western blue virgin's bower | vine | 3 | pine forests, far NE MN, SE MN | 20 ft | - | acidic | shade | - |
| Clematis virginiana | virgin's bower | vine | 3 | open woods, thickets, throughout MN | 20 ft | - | well-drained | full sun to light shade | native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (woody) |
| Clintonia borealis | bluebead lily | flower & groundcover | 2 | coniferous woods, NE MN | 6-15 in | - | acidic, moist, humus-rich | partial shade to deep shade | native to coniferous forest |
| Comptonia peregrina | sweet fern | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3, trial in 2 | NE MN | 1-4 ft | 2-3 ft | dry, sandy, acidic | - | good for groundcover, native to coniferous forest |
| Coreopsis palmata | stiff tickseed | flower & groundcover | 4 | prairies, central MN, SE MN | 2-3 ft | - | moist to dry | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for rocks (sunny), good for deer resistance, native to prairie |
| Cornus alternifolia | pagoda dogwood | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | open woodlands, E 2/3 MN | 20-25 ft | 20-25 ft | cool, moist, slightly acidic | partial shade | good for butterfly nectar, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (woody) |
| Cornus canadensis | bunchberry | flower & groundcover | 1 | woodlands, bogs, NE MN | 4-8 in | - | moist, acidic, humus-rich | light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for moist soil, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, good for front yards (woody) |
| Cornus racemosa | gray dogwood | deciduous shrub & small tree | 4, trial in 3 | open woods, throughout MN | 8-12 ft | 10 ft | moist, cool | full sun to partial shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for moist soil, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, native to prairie, good for front yards (woody) |
| Cornus rugosa | round-leaved dogwood | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | woodlands, all but SW and W MN | 10 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, good for front yards (woody) |
| Cornus stolonifera | red-osier dogwood | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | swamps, low meadows, forest openings, forest margins, throughout MN | 10-12 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for moist soil, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, native to prairie, good for front yards (woody) |
| Corylus americana | American hazelnut | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | all but SW MN | 10 ft | 6 ft | well-drained, loamy | full sun to light shade | native to coniferous forest, native to prairie |
| Corylus cornuta | beaked hazelnut | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | all but SW MN | 10 ft | 6 ft | well-drained, loamy | full sun to light shade | native to coniferous forest |
| Crataegus mollis | downy hawthorn | deciduous tree | 3 | throughout MN | 20-30 ft | - | - | - | - |
| Cypripedium calceolus | yellow lady's slipper | flower & groundcover | 3 | bogs, woods, N-facing slopes, NE MN | 12-24 in | - | wet, humus-rich | light shade | native to coniferous forest |
| Cystopteris bulbifera | bulblet fern | fern | 3 | woods, streamside, E MN | 12-30 in | - | moist, rich, slightly alkaline | shade | good for moist soil, good for rocks (shady) |
| Cystopteris protrusa | protruding fragile fern | fern | 4 | slopes, SE MN | 10-12 in | - | slightly acidic to neutral, moist | shade | good for moist soil |
| Dalea candida | white prairie clover | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, SW MN | 3-4 ft | - | - | - | native to prairie |
| Dalea purpurea | purple prairie clover | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, open woods, SW MN | 2-3 ft | - | moist to dry | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for rocks (sunny), native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Delphinium carolinianum | prairie larkspur | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, woodland edges, SW MN | 3-5 ft | - | sandy, well-drained | full sun to light shade | - |
| Dentaria laciniata | cut-leaved toothwort | flower & groundcover | 3 | deciduous woods, bottomlands, streamside, SE MN | 4-12 in | - | moist, humus-rich | deep shade to spring sun | good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Deschampsia cespitosa | tufted hair grass | grass & sedge | 4 | wetlands, lakeshores, N MN | 3-4 ft | - | moist | full sun to partial shade | good for moist soil |
| Desmodium canadense | showy tick trefoil, Canada tick trefoil | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, woodland openings, SW MN | 2-4 ft | - | clay, rich, well-drained to slightly damp | full sun to light shade | native to prairie |
| Dicentra canadensis | squirrel corn | flower & groundcover | 4 | deciduous forest, SE MN | 6-12 in | - | moist, humus-rich | full sun to light shade | good for shade gardens, good for front yards (shady) |
| Dicentra cucullaria | Dutchman's breeches | flower & groundcover | 3 | rocky deciduous woods, all but NW MN | 6-12 in | - | moist to dry | shade to spring sun | good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Diervilla lonicera | bush honeysuckle | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3, trial in 2 | rocky sites, E MN | 2-3 ft | 2-3 ft | well-drained, organic | full sun to partial shade | - |
| Dirca palustris | leatherwood | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | woodlands, swamp margins, E MN | 3-6 ft | 4-6 ft | moist, slightly acidic | partial shade to heavy shade | good for deer resistance, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (woody) |
| Dodecatheon meadia | prairie shooting star | flower & groundcover | 4 | woods, mesic calcareous prairies, SE MN | 10-20 in | - | rich | light shade to spring sun | good for rocks (sunny), good for rocks (shady), native to prairie, native to deciduous forest |
| Dryopteris carthusiana | spinulose shield fern | fern | 3 | woods, throughout MN | - | - | moist, acidic | partial shade | good for moist soil |
| Dryopteris cristata | crested fern | fern | 3 | woodlands, NE MN | 18-30 in | - | moist | light shade | good for moist soil, native to coniferous forest |
| Dryopteris goldiana | Goldie's fern | fern | 4 | woods, ravines, SE MN | 3-5 ft | - | moist, slightly acidic, humus-rich | shade | good for moist soil |
| Dryopteris marginalis | marginal shield fern | fern | 4 | woods, SE MN | 18-24 in | - | cool | shade | good for moist soil, good for rocks (shady), good for shade gardens |
| Echinacea angustifolia | narrow-leaved purple coneflower | flower & groundcover | 3 | open woods, savannas, prairies, SW MN, W MN | 1-3 ft | - | average to rich | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Elaeagnus commutata | silverberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | NW MN | 6-10 ft | 6-8 ft | well-drained, low-fertility | full sun | good for deer resistance |
| Elymus canadensis | nodding wild rye | grass & sedge | 3 | mesic prairies, open woodlands, throughout MN | 3-6 ft | - | well-drained, moist | full sun to full shade | native to prairie |
| Elymus hystrix | bottlebrush grass | grass & sedge | 3 | oak savannas, throughout MN | - | - | - | - | - |
| Elymus virginicus | Virginia wild rye | grass & sedge | 3 | oak savannas, throughout MN, wooded openings, forest edges | 3-5 ft | - | moist | - | - |
| Epilobium angustifolium | fireweed | flower & groundcover | 2 | open areas, NE MN | 3-6 ft | - | moist, well-drained | full sun | good for hummingbirds, good for moist soil |
| Epigaea repens | trailing arbutus | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | NE MN | 1 ft | - | acidic, sandy | - | native to coniferous forest |
| Equisetum hyemale | tall scouring rush | flower & groundcover | 2 | near streams, all but far SE MN | 20-36 in | - | moist, slightly acidic | partial shade to full sun | good for moist soil |
| Eryngium yuccifolium | rattlesnake master | flower & groundcover | 4 | open woods, mesic prairies, S MN | 2-3 ft | - | average to rich, moist, well-drained | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Erythronium albidum | white trout lily | flower & groundcover | 3 | deciduous woods, SE MN | - | - | moist, rich, neutral | light shade to shade | good for shade gardens, good for front yards (shady) |
| Erythronium americanum | yellow trout lily | flower & groundcover | 3 | woods, streamside, SE MN | 4-10 in | - | moist, rich | shade to spring sun | good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Eupatorium maculatum | spotted Joe-pye weed | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, throughout MN | 24-72 in | - | wet, average | full sun | good for moist soil, good for rocks (sunny), good for mixed borders |
| Eupatorium perfoliatum | common boneset | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, swamp edges, throughout MN | 2-4 ft | - | moist to wet | full sun | good for moist soil, good for rocks (sunny), good for mixed borders |
| Eupatorium purpureum | sweet joe-pye weed | flower & groundcover | 3 | wet slopes, prairies, woodland edges, E MN | 3-6 ft | - | moist, average to rich | full sun to light shade | good for moist soil, good for rocks (sunny), native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Eupatorium rugosum | white snakeroot | flower & groundcover | 3 | open woods, S MN | 3-4 ft | - | dry | partial shade | good for moist soil, good for rocks (sunny), good for mixed borders |
| Euphorbia corollata | flowering spurge | flower & groundcover | 3 | open woods, savannas, prairies, SE MN | 2-4 ft | - | poor to average, well-drained | full sun to partial shade | good for rocks (sunny), good for groundcover, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Euphorbia marginata | snow-on-the-mountain | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, S MN | - | - | dry, poor | full sun | - |
| Euonymus atropurpureus | wahoo | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | streamside, riverside, floodplains, SE MN | 20-25 ft | 10-12 ft | rich, moist, slightly acidic, humus-rich | full sun to partial shade | - |
| Fragaria virginiana | wild strawberry | flower & groundcover | 2 | open woods, savannas, prairies, throughout MN | 6 in | - | average to dry | full sun to partial sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for groundcover |
| Fraxinus americana | white ash | deciduous tree | 4, protected spots in 3 | uplands, east-central MN, SE MN | 50-95 ft | - | rich, moist | full sun | good for deer resistance, native to deciduous forest |
| Fraxinus nigra | black ash | deciduous tree | 2 | deciduous forest, coniferous forest, wetlands, all but SW MN | - | - | - | - | good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, native to deciduous forest |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica | green ash | deciduous tree | 3 | deciduous forest, throughout MN | 50-65 ft | 30-50 ft | moist, well-drained | - | good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, native to deciduous forest |
| Gaillardia aristata | blanket flower | flower & groundcover | 2 | prairies, far NW MN | 18-24 in | - | average to poor | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for rocks (sunny), good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Gaillardia x grandiflora | blanket flower | flower & groundcover | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for rocks (sunny), good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Galium boreale | northern bedstraw | flower & groundcover | 2 | prairies, open woodlands, throughout MN | 12 in | - | any | full sun to partial shade | - |
| Gaultheria hispidula | creeping snowberry | flower & groundcover | 3 | bogs, coniferous woods, mossy logs, NE MN | 3-12 in | - | moist, rich, acidic | full shade | - |
| Gaultheria procumbens | wintergreen | flower & groundcover | 3 | woods, outcroppings, forested bogs, NE MN | 2-6 in | - | acidic, moderate humus | partial shade | good for rocks (shady), native to coniferous forest |
| Gaura biennis | biennial guara | flower & groundcover | 4 | mesic prairies, savannas, grassy openings, far SE MN | - | - | - | - | - |
| Gaura coccinea | scarlet guara | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, W MN | 2 ft | - | average to rich, well-drained | full sun | - |
| Gentiana andrewsii | bottle gentian | flower & groundcover | 3 | woods, prairies, marshes, throughout MN | 1-3 ft | - | sandy loam, humus-rich, moist | full sun to partial shade | good for moist soil, native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Gentiana flavida | yellowish gentian | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, open woods, SE MN | 1-2 ft | - | moist | - | good for mixed borders |
| Gentianopsis crinita | greater fringed gentian | flower & groundcover | 4 | open sites, throughout MN | 1-3 ft | - | moist to wet | - | - |
| Geranium maculatum | wild geranium | flower & groundcover | 3 | open deciduous woods, bottomlands, prairies, savannas, SE MN | 12-24 in | - | moist, rich | partial sun to light shade | good for deer resistance, native to prairie, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Geum rivale | purple avens | flower & groundcover | 2 | bogs, low woods, prairies, NE MN | 1-2 ft | - | moist | - | good for rocks (sunny), good for mixed borders |
| Geum triflorum | prairie smoke | flower & groundcover | 2 | prairies, savannas, SW MN | 6-16 in | - | dry, average, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for rocks (sunny), native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Gleditsia triacanthos | honey locust | deciduous tree | 4 | far SE MN | 35-60 ft | 25-40 ft | rich, moist | full sun | good for deer resistance, native to deciduous forest |
| Glyceria canadensis | rattlesnake grass | grass & sedge | 3 | shallow water, lakes, ponds, NE MN | - | - | - | - | good for shallow water |
| Glyceria grandis | tall manna grass | grass & sedge | 3 | shallow water, lake margins, throughout MN | 4-6 ft | - | - | - | good for shallow water |
| Glyceria striata | fowl manna grass | grass & sedge | 3 | forests, swamps, lake edges, throughout MN | 2-3 ft | - | moist to wet | partial sun to full shade | good for shallow water |
| Gymnocladus dioica | Kentucky coffee tree | deciduous tree | 4, trial in 3 | river valleys, S MN | 45-80 ft | 50 ft | moist, rich | full sun | native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (woody) |
| Hamamelis virginiana | witch hazel | deciduous shrub & small tree | 4, trial in 3 | sheltered ravines, SE MN | 10-12 ft | 10-12 ft | moist | full sun to partial shade | good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens |
| Helenium autumnale | autumn sneezeweed | flower & groundcover | 3 | low woods, prairies, all but far NE MN | 3-5 ft | - | damp, fertile | - | good for moist soil, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Helianthus giganteus | giant sunflower | flower & groundcover | 3 | swamps, prairies, throughout MN | 6-10 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar |
| Helianthus maximiliani | Maximilian sunflower | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, throughout MN | 6-8 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar |
| Heliopsis helianthoides | oxeye | flower & groundcover | 3 | woodland edges, open woods, prairies, throughout MN | 3-5 ft | - | moist to dry, average to rich | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Hepatica acutiloba | sharp-lobed hepatica | flower & groundcover | 3 | deciduous woods, SE MN | 3-6 in | - | acidic, humus-rich | light shade to full shade | good for rocks (shady), good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Hepatica americana | round-lobed hepatica | flower & groundcover | 3 | uploand woodlands, NE MN | 4-6 in | - | moist, humus-rich | light shade to full shade | good for rocks (shady), native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, good for front yards (shady) |
| Heuchera richardsonii | alumroot | flower & groundcover | 2 | prairies, savannas, open woods, throughout MN | 2 ft | - | dry | - | good for groundcover, native to prairie |
| Hierochloe odorata | sweet grass | grass & sedge | 4 | meadows, prairies, marsh edges, bogs, stream banks, lakeshores, throughout MN | 1-2 ft | - | moist | full sun | - |
| Hydrastis canadensis | golden seal | flower & groundcover | 4 | deciduous forest, sheltered ravines, talus slopes, SE MN | 6-16 in | - | - | - | - |
| Hydrophyllum virginianum | Virginia water-leaf | flower & groundcover | 3 | woods, openings, throughout MN | - | - | moist to wet | - | native to deciduous forest |
| Ilex verticillata | winterberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3, trial in 2 | swamps, woods, E MN | 6-10 ft | 6-10 ft | acidic, humus-rich, moist to wet | full sun | good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, native to coniferous forest, good for front yards (woody) |
| Iris virginica | southern blue flag | flower & groundcover | 4 | pond shores, marshes, SE MN | - | - | wet, rich | full sun to light shade | good for moist soil |
| Iris versicolor | northern blue flag | flower & groundcover | 2 | prairies, ponds, shallow marshes, bogs, throughout MN | 2-3 ft | - | wet, rich | full sun to light shade | good for moist soil, good for deer resistance |
| Isopyrum biternatum | false rue anemone | flower & groundcover | 3 | deciduous woods, streamside, SE MN | 8-12 in | - | humus-rich, moist | light shade to full shade | good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Jeffersonia diphylla | twinleaf | flower & groundcover | 4 | deciduous forest, sheltered ravines, N-facing slopes, E-facing slopes, far SE MN | 6-15 in | - | moist, rich, neutral to alkaline | spring sun | good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Juglans cinerea | butternut | deciduous tree | 3 | woods, floodplains, rocky slopes, E MN | 40-65 ft | - | - | - | - |
| Juglans nigra | black walnut | deciduous tree | 4, trial in 3 | bottomlands, hillsides, S MN | 50-80 ft | 50 ft | neutral to slightly alkaline | full sun | native to deciduous forest |
| Juniperus communis | bush juniper | evergreen conifer | 2 | steep bluffs, river bottoms, swamp margins, all but SW MN | 1-3 ft | 3-10 ft | neutral to slightly acidic, well-drained | full sun | good for groundcover, good for deer resistance, good for front yards (woody) |
| Juniperus horizontalis | creeping juniper | evergreen conifer | 2 | throughout MN | 1 ft | 3-6 ft | - | - | good for groundcover, good for deer resistance, good for front yards (woody) |
| Juniperus virginiana | easter red cedar | evergreen conifer | 3 | open hillsides, S MN, river bluffs | 25-40 ft | - | tough, dry | - | good for groundcover, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for front yards (woody) |
| Kalmia polifolia | bog laurel | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | bogs, NE MN | 1.5-2 ft | - | acidic, moist | - | native to coniferous forest |
| Koeleria macrantha | June grass | grass & sedge | 3 | prairies, savannas, all but NE MN | 1-2 ft | - | - | - | - |
| Larix laricina | tamarack | deciduous tree | 2 | swamps, bogs, coniferous forest, N MN, east-central MN | 40-70 ft | 20-40 ft | moist | full sun | good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, native to coniferous forest |
| Ledum groenlandicum | labrador tea | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | NE MN | 3 ft | 3 ft | acidic, moist | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for moist soil, native to coniferous forest |
| Lespedeza capitata | round-headed bush clover | flower & groundcover | 4 | prairies, savannas, S MN | 30-48 in | - | dry, well-drained, sandy | full sun to very light shade | - |
| Liatris aspera | rough blazing star | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, SW MN | 3-5 ft | - | sandy, loamy, moist, well-drained | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for hummingbirds, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Liatris cylindracea | cylindric blazing star | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, open woods, SE MN | 8-24 in | - | moist, fertile, well-drained | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for hummingbirds, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Liatris ligulistylis | northern plains blazing-star | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, marsh borders, all but far NE MN | 3-5 ft | - | wet | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for hummingbirds, good for moist soil, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Liatris punctata | dotted blazing star | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, W MN, central MN | 8-14 in | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for hummingbirds, good for rocks (sunny), good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Liatris pycnostachya | great blazing star | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, S 2/3 MN | 3-5 ft | - | moist, fertile, well-drained | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for hummingbirds, good for moist soil, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Lilium michiganense | Michigan lily | flower & groundcover | 4 | E MN | 3-4 ft | - | wet, rich | full sun to light shade | good for hummingbirds, good for moist soil, native to prairie |
| Lilium philadelphicum | wood lily | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, open woodlands, throughout MN | 1-3 ft | - | dry, average, acidic, well-drained | full sun to partial sun | good for hummingbirds |
| Linnaea borealis | twinflower | flower & groundcover | 2 | woodlands, bogs, NE MN | 3-6 in | - | moist, humus-rich, acidic, peaty | partial shade | native to coniferous forest |
| Lobelia cardinalis | cardinal flower | flower & groundcover | 3 | open wet woods, swamps, sandbars in streams, E MN | 24-48 in | - | moist to wet, average | partial sun | good for hummingbirds, good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (shady) |
| Lobelia siphilitica | great lobelia | flower & groundcover | 3 | bottomlands, riverbanks, SW MN | 1-3 ft | - | moist, rich | full sun to light shade | good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Lobelia spicata | pale-spiked lobelia | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, clearings, marsh edges, SW MN | 24-40 in | - | dry, poor | full sun to light shade | good for deer resistance, good for mixed borders |
| Lupinus perennis | wild lupine | flower & groundcover | 3 | band from east-central to SE MN | 15-30 in | - | dry, slightly acidic, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for butterfly larvae, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Lysimachia ciliata | fringed loosestrife | flower & groundcover | 3 | streamside, throughout MN | 2-3 ft | - | moist, acidic, humus-rich | light shade | good for moist soil |
| Maianthemum canadense | Canada mayflower | flower & groundcover | 2 | woodlands, lakeshores, clearings, all but SW MN | 2-4 in | - | moist, acidic, humus-rich | partial shade to deep shade | good for groundcover, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Matteuccia struthiopteris | ostrich fern | fern | 4 | swamps, woods, throughout MN | 2-5 ft | - | cool, wet, slightly acidic | partial sun to full sun | good for moist soil, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (shady) |
| Mertensia virginica | Virginia bluebells | flower & groundcover | 3 | deciduous woods, floodplains, streamside, clearings, SE MN | 12-24 in | - | moist, rich | partial sun to shade | good for hummingbirds, good for moist soil, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (shady) |
| Mitchella repens | partridgeberry | flower & groundcover | 3 | woodlands, pinelands, clearings, east-central MN | 1-3 in | - | moist | - | good for rocks (shady), native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Mitella diphylla | two-leaved miterwort | flower & groundcover | 3 | north-facing bluffs, rocky slopes, SE MN | 6-12 in | - | humus-rich, moist, well-drained, neutral to slightly acidic | light shade to full shade | good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Monarda fistulosa | wild bergamot | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, clearings, savannas, throughout MN | 2-4 ft | - | average to rich, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for hummingbirds, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Morus rubra | red mulberry | deciduous tree | 4 | floodplains, SE MN | 50 ft | - | - | - | - |
| Napaea dioica | glade mallow | flower & groundcover | 4 | riverside, woodland borders, SE MN | 6 ft | - | well-drained, humus-rich, moist | full sun to partial sun | - |
| Nymphaea odorata | American white water lily | flower & groundcover | 2 | ponds, sloughs, marshes, swamps, east-central MN, NE MN | - | - | submerged, rich | full sun | good for ponds, native to coniferous forest |
| Onoclea sensibilis | sensitive fern | fern | 2 | open woods, swamps, N MN, E MN | 12-30 in | - | wet to slightly moist, acidic | light shade | good for moist soil, good for groundcover, native to coniferous forest, native to deciduous forest |
| Opuntia humifusa | eastern prickly pear | flower & groundcover | 4 | prairies, S MN | 8-12 in | - | well-drained, sandy | full sun | good for rocks (sunny), good for groundcover, good for deer resistance |
| Opuntia macrorhia | plains prickly pear | flower & groundcover | 4 | bedrock, SW MN | - | - | well-drained, sandy, thin | full sun | good for rocks (sunny), good for groundcover, good for deer resistance |
| Osmunda cinnamomea | Cinnamon fern | fern | 3 | wooded swamps, marshes, savannas, E MN | 30-36 in | - | acidic, moist | partial shade | good for moist soil, good for groundcover, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Osmunda claytoniana | interrupted fern | fern | 2 | woods, E MN | - | - | - | - | good for moist soil, good for groundcover, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens |
| Osmunda regalis | royal fern | fern | 3 | swamps, NE MN | 24-36 in | - | damp | - | good for moist soil, good for groundcover, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens |
| Ostrya virginiana | ironwood | deciduous tree | 4, trial in 3 | throughout MN | 20-40 ft | 20-30 ft | cool, moist, well-drained, slightly acidic | full sun to heavy shade | good for shade gardens, good for front yards (woody) |
| Oryzopsis hymenoides | Indian rice grass | grass & sedge | 3 | NW MN | 1-2 ft | - | well-drained, sandy | full sun to light shade | - |
| Pellaea atropurpurea | purple cliff brake | fern | 4 | limestone cliffs, SE MN | 6-20 in | - | humus-rich | light shade to partial sun | good for moist soil |
| Panicum virgatum | switch grass | grass & sedge | 4 | mesic prairies, pondside, streamside, throughout MN | 3-6 ft | - | average | full sun | good for moist soil, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Parthenium integrifolium | wild quinine | flower & groundcover | 3 | open woodlands, SE MN | 2-4 ft | - | - | full sun to partial shade | - |
| Parthenocissus quinquefolia | woodbine | vine | 2 | woodland edges, SE MN | 30 ft | - | any | full sun to shade | good for hummingbirds, native to deciduous forest |
| Penstemon gracilis | slender beardtongue | flower & groundcover | 3 | open woods, savannas, prairies, throughout MN | 2 ft | - | average to rich, sandy, loamy, well-drained | full sun | good for butterfly larvae, good for hummingbirds, good for rocks (sunny), good for deer resistance, good for mixed borders |
| Penstemon grandiflorus | Large-flowered beardtongue | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, woodland edges, enbankments, central MN, W MN | 1-4 ft | - | average to rich, sandy, loamy, well-drained | full sun | good for butterfly larvae, good for hummingbirds, good for rocks (sunny), good for deer resistance, good for mixed borders |
| Phlox divaricata | blue phlox | flower & groundcover | 3 | mesic woods, deciduous woods, clearings, floodplains, S MN | 10-20 in | - | well-drained, cool, humus-rich | partial shade to full shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for hummingbirds, good for rocks (shady), good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (shady) |
| Phlox maculata | wild sweet William | flower & groundcover | 3 | woods, prairies, SE MN | 2-3 ft | - | average to rich, moist, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for hummingbirds, good for mixed borders |
| Phlox pilosa | prairie phlox | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, open woodlands, savannas, S 2/3 MN | 10-30 in | - | sand, well-drained, slightly acidic to moderately acidic | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for hummingbirds, good for rocks (sunny), native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Physostegia virginiana | obedient plant | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, low woods, bottomlands, marsh borders, throughout MN | 2-3 ft | - | moist, rich, well-drained | full sun to partial sun | good for hummingbirds, good for moist soil, good for rocks (sunny), native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Physocarpus opulifolius | ninebark | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | streamside, lakeside, E MN | 6-9 ft | 6-9 ft | well-drained | full sun | good for mixed borders, good for front yards (woody) |
| Picea glauca | white spruce | evergreen conifer | 2 | banks of lakes, streamside, N MN, SE MN | 40-60 ft | 40 ft | well-drained, slightly acidic | full sun | good for deer resistance, native to coniferous forest, good for mixed borders |
| Picea mariana | black spruce | evergreen conifer | 2 | swamps, bogs, NE MN | 20-50 ft | - | - | - | good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, native to coniferous forest, good for mixed borders |
| Pinus banksiana | jack pine | evergreen conifer | 2 | NE MN | 20-60 ft | - | poor, sandy, acidic | - | native to coniferous forest, good for mixed borders |
| Pinus resinosa | red pine | evergreen conifer | 3 | NE MN | 40-80 ft | - | sandy loam, dry | full sun | native to coniferous forest, good for mixed borders |
| Pinus strobus | white pine | evergreen conifer | 3 | uplands, E MN | 60-100 ft | 50 ft | fertile, acidic, well-drained | full sun | native to coniferous forest, good for mixed borders |
| Podophyllum peltatum | May apple | flower & groundcover | 3 | open woods, clearings, SE MN | 12-18 in | - | moist to damp, humus-rich | light shade to full shade | good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Polemonium reptans | spreading Jacob's ladder | flower & groundcover | 3 | deciduous woods, floodplains, SE MN | 8-16 in | - | fertile, damp, slightly acidic | partial shade to full sun | good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (shady) |
| Polygonatum biflorum | giant Solomon's seal | flower & groundcover | 3 | deciduous woods, mixed coniferous woods, floodplains, all but NE MN | 1-3 ft | - | moist, humus-rich | partial sun to deep shade | good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Polygonatum pubescens | hairy Solomon's seal | flower & groundcover | 3 | woodlands, NE MN | 12-28 in | - | moist, humus-rich | partial sun to deep shade | good for shade gardens |
| Polypodium virginianum | rock-cap fern | fern | 3 | rocks, cliffs, E MN | 4-12 in | - | moist | shade | good for moist soil, good for rocks (shady), native to coniferous forest |
| Polystichum acrostichoides | Christmas fern | fern | 3 | uplands, SE MN | 18-24 in | - | fertile, well-drained | partial shade to full shade | good for moist soil, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Polystichum braunii | Braun's holly fern | fern | 3 | gorges, NE MN | - | - | moist | - | good for moist soil, native to coniferous forest |
| Pontederia cordata | pickerelweed | flower & groundcover | 4 | marshes, streams, shallow lakes, ponds, E MN | 1-2 ft | - | fertile, heavy loam, submerged | full sun to partial shade | good for shallow water |
| Populus deltoides | eastern cottonwood | deciduous tree | 3 | streamside, riverside, lakeside, throughout MN | 70-100 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly larvae |
| Populus grandidentata | big-toothed aspen | deciduous tree | 3 | E 2/3 MN | - | - | moist | - | good for butterfly larvae |
| Populus tremuloides | quaking aspen | deciduous tree | 3 | throughout MN | 65 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly larvae |
| Potentilla arguta | tall cinquefoil | flower & groundcover | 2 | throughout MN | 1-3 ft | - | dry | full sun | - |
| Potentilla fruticosa | shrubby cinquefoil | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | bogs, rocky outcroppings, NW MN, NE MN, east-central MN | 1-4 ft | 1-4 ft | moist, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for rocks (sunny), good for deer resistance, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (woody) |
| Potentilla tridentata | three-toothed cinquefoil | flower & groundcover | 2 | NE MN | 3-8 in | - | cool, acidic, well-drained, sandy or gravelly | full sun to partial shade | good for rocks (sunny), native to coniferous forest |
| Prunus nigra | Canadian plum | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | all but SW MN | - | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (woody) |
| Prunus americana | wild plum | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | woodland edges, S MN, W MN | 15-20 ft | 15-20 ft | well-drained | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, native to prairie |
| Prunus pensylvanica | pin cherry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | open hillsides, throughout MN | 15-30 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar |
| Prunus pumila | sand cherry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | open hillsides, throughout MN | 1-3 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, native to prairie |
| Prunus serotina | black cherry | deciduous tree | 3 | S MN | 50-75 ft | 40-50 ft | moist, slightly acidic, fertile | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, native to deciduous forest |
| Prunus virginiana | chokeberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3, trial in 2 | throughout MN | 15-35 ft | 25 ft | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, native to prairie |
| Pteridium aquilinum | bracken | fern | 3 | woods, all but SW MN | 13-48 in | - | well-drained | partial sun | good for moist soil, native to coniferous forest |
| Pulsatilla patens | pasque flower | flower & groundcover | 2 | prairies, savannas, SW MN | 6-12 in | - | dry, well-drained | full sun to very light shade | good for rocks (sunny), native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Pycnanthemum virginianum | Virginia mountain mint | flower & groundcover | 3 | mesic open woods, prairies, SW MN | 2-3 ft | - | moist, humus-rich | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for moist soil, native to prairie |
| Quercus alba | white oak | deciduous tree | 4, trial in 3 | SE MN | 50-75 ft | 40-60 ft | fertile, acidic, heavy | full sun | good for butterfly larvae, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (woody) |
| Quercus bicolor | swamp white oak | deciduous tree | 4 | SE MN | 40-65 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly larvae, good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, good for front yards (woody) |
| Quercus ellipsoidalis | northern pin oak | deciduous tree | 3 | E MN | 45-65 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly larvae, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (woody) |
| Quercus macrocarpa | bur oak | deciduous tree | 3 | throughout MN | 50-80 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly larvae, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for front yards (woody) |
| Quercus rubra | red oak | deciduous tree | 4, trial in 3 | E MN | 50-80 ft | - | sandy loam, well-drained, acidic | - | good for butterfly larvae, good for deer resistance, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (woody) |
| Ratibida columnifera | Mexican hat, prairie coneflower | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, W MN | 1-3 ft | - | average to rich, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for rocks (sunny), good for mixed borders |
| Ratibida pinnata | gray-headed coneflower | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, S MN | 3-5 ft | - | average to rich, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for rocks (sunny), good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Rhus glabra | smooth sumac | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | forest edges, throughout MN | 10-15 ft | 10-15 ft | not wet or boggy | full sun | native to prairie |
| Rhus typhina | staghorn sumac | deciduous shrub & small tree | 4, trial in 3 | forest edges, E MN | 10-25 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar |
| Rosa acicularis | prickly rose | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | coniferous woods, NE MN | 3 ft | - | slightly acidic, humus-rich | - | good for butterfly nectar, native to coniferous forest |
| Rosa arkansana | prairie rose | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | prairies, all but north-central MN | 2 ft | 4-8 ft | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, native to prairie |
| Rosa blanda | smooth wild rose | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | woods, prairies, outcroppings, throughout MN | 2-6 ft | 4-6 ft | rich | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar |
| Rubus parviflorus | thimbleberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | wooded hillsides, stream banks, NE MN | 2-8 ft | - | moist | shade | native to coniferous forest |
| Rudbeckia hirta | black-eyed Susan | flower & groundcover | 2 | prairies, open woodlands, throughout MN | 1-3 ft | - | moist, average, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for butterfly larvae, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Rudbeckia laciniata | tall coneflower | flower & groundcover | 3 | open areas, throughout MN | 3-6 ft | - | moist | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for butterfly larvae, good for deer resistance, good for mixed borders |
| Rudbeckia triloba | three-leaved coneflower | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, open woodlands | 2-5 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for butterfly larvae, good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, good for mixed borders |
| Ruellia humilis | wild petunia | flower & groundcover | 4 | prairies, east-central MN | 1-2 ft | - | well-drained | full sun | good for rocks (sunny), good for mixed borders |
| Sagittaria latifolia | broad-leaved arrowhead | flower & groundcover | 3 | stream margins, ponds, throughout MN | 12-36 in | - | fertile, heavy, loamy, submerged | full sun to light shade | good for shallow water |
| Sanguinaira canadensis | bloodroot | flower & groundcover | 3 | woods, floodplains, throughout MN | 4-10 in | - | moist, humus-rich | shade to spring sun | good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Salix amygdaloides | peach-leaved willow | deciduous tree | 3 | throughout MN | 40-60 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly larvae, good for moist soil |
| Salix discolor | pussy willow | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3, trial in 2 | shores, swamps, wetlands, all but SW MN | 10-20 ft | 10-15 ft | moist to wet | full sun | good for butterfly larvae, good for moist soil |
| Salix humilis | prairie willow | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | shores, swamps, wetlands, all but SW MN | - | - | - | - | good for butterfly larvae, good for moist soil |
| Salix nigra | black willow | deciduous tree | 3 | stream banks, wetlands, E MN | 40-60 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly larvae, good for moist soil |
| Sambucus canadensis | common elder | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | S MN | 8-10 ft | 8-10 ft | moist, acidic to alkaline | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for moist soil |
| Sambucus pubens | scarlet elder | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | woodlands, woodland edges, throughout MN | 10 ft | - | - | shade | good for butterfly nectar |
| Schizachyrium scoparium | little bluestem | grass & sedge | 3 | prairies, savannas, all but far NE MN | 2-3 ft | - | well-drained, sand, loam | full sun to partial shade | good for butterfly larvae, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Senecio aureus | golden ragwort | flower & groundcover | 3 | woods, swamps, throughout MN | 1-2 ft | - | moist, slightly acidic | full sun to partial shade | good for moist soil, good for mixed borders |
| Senecio plattensis | prairie ragwort | flower & groundcover | 3 | open woods, savannas, prairies, SW MN, W MN | - | - | - | - | - |
| Shepherdia argentea | buffalo berry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | ravines, prairies, W MN | 15-18 ft | 15-18 ft | dry, alkaline | full sun | - |
| Silphium laciniatum | compass plant | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, S MN | 3-12 ft | - | moist, average | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, native to prairie |
| Silphium perfoliatum | cup plant | flower & groundcover | 3 | low woods, open woods, prairies | 3-8 ft | - | - | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for hummingbirds, good for moist soil |
| Sisyrinchium angustfolium | blue-eyed grass | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, open woods, all but SE MN | 10-20 in | - | moist, average, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for rocks (sunny), native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Sisyrinchium campestre | field blue-eyed grass | flower & groundcover | 3 | open woods, savannas, prairies, SW MN | 16 in | - | moist, average, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for rocks (sunny), good for mixed borders |
| Smilacina racemosa | false Solomon's seal | flower & groundcover | 2 | woods, rocky slopes, throughout MN | 1-3 ft | - | moist, rich, acidic | light shade to full shade | good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Smilacina stellata | starry false Solomon's seal | flower & groundcover | 2 | open woods, savannas, prairies, throughout MN | 12-24 in | - | - | - | good for shade gardens |
| Solidago flexicaulis | zigzag goldenrod | flower & groundcover | 3 | woods, woodland edges, all but far N MN | 2-4 ft | - | rich | light shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, native to prairie, good for front yards (shady) |
| Solidago nemoralis | gray goldenrod | flower & groundcover | 2 | prairies, open woodlands, throughout MN | 1-2 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for rocks (sunny), good for deer resistance, native to prairie |
| Solidago rigida | stiff goldenrod | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, open woodlands, throughout MN | 3-5 ft | - | average to infertile, well-drained | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Solidago speciosa | showy goldenrod | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, open woods, SW MN | 2-5 ft | - | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Sorbus americana | American mountain ash | deciduous tree | 2 | NE MN, swamp edges | 20-30 ft | 15-25 ft | acidic, moist | full sun | native to coniferous forest |
| Sorbus decora | showy mountain ash | deciduous tree | 2 | NE MN | - | - | - | full sun to partial shade | native to coniferous forest |
| Sorghastrum nutans | Indian grass | grass & sedge | 4 | prairies, open woodlands, SW MN | 5-7 ft | - | moist, well-drained | full sun to very light shade | native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Sporobolus asper | rough dropseed | grass & sedge | 3 | - | 2-4 ft | - | well-drained, moist | full sun | - |
| Sporobolus cryptandrus | sand dropseed | grass & sedge | 3 | - | 2-4 ft | - | well-drained, moist | full sun | - |
| Sporobolus heterolepis | prairie dropseed | grass & sedge | 3 | prairies, savannas, SW MN | 2-4 ft | - | well-drained, moist | full sun | good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Spartina pectinata | prairie cordgrass | grass & sedge | 4 | prairies, swamps, throughout MN | 6-9 ft | - | moist, fertile | full sun | good for moist soil |
| Spiraea alba | white meadowsweet | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | throughout MN | 2-5 ft | 2-5 ft | moist, fertile | full sun | good for butterfly nectar, good for moist soil, good for mixed borders |
| Spiraea tomentosa | steeplebush | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | east-central MN | - | - | moist, fertile | full sun | - |
| Staphylea trifolia | bladdernut | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | woodlands, SE MN | 10-15 ft | 8-10 ft | slightly acidic, moist, well-drained, fertile | full sun to heavy shade | - |
| Stipa spartea | porcupine grass | grass & sedge | 3 | prairies, savannas, SW MN | 2-4 ft | - | average to dry | - | - |
| Streptopus roseus | rose twisted stalk | flower & groundcover | 3 | woods, stream banks, NE MN | 12-30 in | - | moist, rich, acidic | shade | native to coniferous forest |
| Symphoricarpos albus | snowberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | woodlands, NE MN | 3-6 ft | 3-6 ft | well-drained | full sun to partial shade | good for butterfly larvae, good for hummingbirds, native to coniferous forest, native to prairie |
| Symphoricarpos occidentalis | wolfberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | woodlands, NE MN | 3 ft | 3 ft | - | - | good for butterfly larvae |
| Taxus canadensis | Canada yew | evergreen conifer | 2 | woods, bog margins, NE MN | 3-6 ft | 6-8 ft | slightly acidic | partial shade | native to coniferous forest |
| Thalictrum dasycarpum | tall meadow rue | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, wetland margins, floodplains, throughout MN | 4-6 ft | - | moist | full sun to deep shade | good for moist soil, native to prairie |
| Thalictrum dioicum | early meadow rue | flower & groundcover | 3 | woods, E MN | 1-3 ft | - | fertile, moist, slightly acidic | light shade to deep shade | good for rocks (shady), good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Thelypteris palustris | northern marsh fern | fern | 3 | marshes, bogs, all but SW MN | 18 in | - | damp | - | good for moist soil |
| Thuja occidentalis | white cedar | evergreen conifer | 2 | NE MN | 30-50 ft | 30 ft | moist | full sun to partial shade | good for moist soil, native to coniferous forest |
| Tilia americana | basswood | deciduous tree | 3, protected spots in 2 | throughout MN | 50-90 ft | 40-50 ft | moist, fertile, well-drained | full sun to partial shade | native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (woody) |
| Tradescantia bracteata | bracted spiderwort | flower & groundcover | 4 | prairies, savannas, SW MN | 1-2 ft | - | lean, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for rocks (sunny), good for deer resistance, good for mixed borders |
| Tradescantia occidentalis | Western spiderwort | flower & groundcover | 3 | savannas, prairies, east-central MN | 12-18 in | - | lean, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for rocks (sunny), good for deer resistance, good for mixed borders |
| Tradescantia ohiensis | Ohio spiderwort | flower & groundcover | 3 | far SE MN | 2-4 ft | - | lean, well-drained | full sun to light shade | good for rocks (sunny), good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Trientalis borealis | starflower | flower & groundcover | 2 | woods, bogs, NE MN | 4-8 in | - | moist, rich, acidic | full shade to partial shade | native to coniferous forest |
| Trillium cernuum | nodding trillium | flower & groundcover | 2 | woods, throughout MN | - | - | - | - | good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Trillium grandiflorum | large-flowered grandiflorum | flower & groundcover | 3 | woodlands, floodplains, east-central MN | 10-18 in | - | rich, well-drained | light shade to deep shade | good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Trillium nivale | snow trillium | flower & groundcover | 4 | forest, bottomlands, S MN | 6 in | - | moist, humus-rich, limy | light shade to partial shade | good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest, good for front yards (shady) |
| Tsuga canadensis | eastern hemlock | evergreen conifer | 3 | NE MN | 40-60 ft | 30-50 ft | cool, moist, well-drained, acidic | partial shade | good for deer resistance, native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, good for front yards (woody) |
| Ulmus rubra | red elm | deciduous tree | 3 | river bottoms, lowlands, S MN | 50-70 ft | - | - | - | - |
| Uvularia grandiflora | large-flowered bellwort | flower & groundcover | 3 | deciduous woods, bottomlands, throughout MN | 12-16 in | - | moist, average, neutral to limy | shade to spring sun | good for rocks (shady), good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Uvularia sessilifolia | pale bellwort | flower & groundcover | 3 | woods, thickets, NE MN | 4-12 in | - | moist, average, acidic | shade to spring sun | good for rocks (shady), native to coniferous forest, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Vaccinium angustifolium | low-bush blueberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | bogs, NE MN | 6-12 in | - | acidic | - | native to coniferous forest |
| Verbena hastata | blue vervain | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, wetland margins, marshes, throughout MN | 3-5 ft | - | rich, moist to wet | full sun to light shade | good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, good for mixed borders |
| Verbena stricta | hoary vervain | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, savannas, S MN | 1-3 ft | - | wide variety | full sun | good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Vernonia fasciculata | bunched ironweed | flower & groundcover | 3 | low places, prairies, S MN | 3-6 ft | - | moist, well-drained | full sun | good for moist soil, native to prairie |
| Veronicastrum virginicum | Culver's root | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, floodplains, woodland edges, all but far NE MN | 3-6 ft | - | moist to wet, rich | full sun to light shade | good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, native to prairie, good for mixed borders |
| Viburnum lentago | nannyberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 3 | forest edges, stream banks, hillsides, throughout MN | 10-20 ft | - | - | full sun to deep shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, native to prairie, good for front yards (woody) |
| Viburnum rafinesquianum | downy arrow wood | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | slopes, open woods, all but SW MN | 6 ft | 6 ft | - | - | good for butterfly nectar, good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, native to prairie, good for front yards (woody) |
| Viburnum trilobum | highbush cranberry | deciduous shrub & small tree | 2 | woods, thickets, all but SW MN | 10-12 ft | 10-12 ft | fertile, slightly acidic, well-drained | full sun to partial shade | good for butterfly nectar, good for moist soil, good for deer resistance, good for shade gardens, good for front yards (woody) |
| Viola pedata | bird's-foot violet | flower & groundcover | 3 | prairies, woodland openings, SE MN | 4-8 in | - | sandy, acidic, well-drained | full sun to partial sun | good for butterfly larvae, good for rocks (sunny), good for groundcover, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Viola pubescens | yellow violet | flower & groundcover | 3 | deciduous woods, floodplains, throughout MN | 6-16 in | - | rich, moist | light shade to full shade | good for butterfly larvae, good for groundcover, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Viola sororia | Common blue violet | flower & groundcover | 3 | woodlands, clearings, throughout MN | 10 in | - | moist | full sun to shade | good for butterfly larvae, good for moist soil, good for rocks (shady), good for groundcover, good for shade gardens, native to deciduous forest |
| Vitis riparia | wild grape | vine | 2 | riverbanks, woods, throughout MN | 30 ft | - | moist | full sun to light shade | native to deciduous forest |
| Waldsteinia fragarioides | barren strawberry | flower & groundcover | 4 | open woods, savannas, NE MN | 3-6 in | - | moist, acidic | full sun to light shade | good for butterfly larvae, good for groundcover, native to coniferous forest |
| Woodsia obtusa | blunt-lobed woodsia | fern | 3 | rock crevices, S MN | 6-18 in | - | neutral, humus-rich | - | good for moist soil |
| Zizia aptera | heart-leaved alexanders | flower & groundcover | 3 | open woods, floodplains, prairies, throughout MN | 1-2 ft | - | - | - | good for rocks (sunny), good for mixed borders, good for front yards (sunny) |
| Zizia aurea | golden alexander | flower & groundcover | 3 | open woods, floodplains, prairies, throughout MN | 1-3 ft | - | moist, well-drained | light shade to full sun | good for rocks (sunny), native to prairie |
Sorry, no plants match those criteria.
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